blog
notes
method, provenance, and documentation, written up plainly. how research compounds are tested, handled, and read on a certificate of analysis.
analytical & coa literacy
how research material is tested, and how to read the certificate that reports it.
analyticalpillarReading a Certificate of Analysis (COA): A Researcher's Guide
a certificate of analysis coa is the single most important quality document accompanying a research grade chemical material.
analyticalwhat is hplc, and how it measures peptide purity
how hplc measures the purity of a research peptide, how the percentage on a coa is calculated, and what the number does and does not tell you.
analyticallc-ms and peptide identity confirmation
how mass spectrometry confirms a research peptide is the compound the label claims, why identity is separate from purity, and how to read a mass result.
analyticalendotoxin testing: lal, rfc, and what eu/mg means
what endotoxin testing measures on a peptide coa, how the lal and recombinant factor c methods work, and how to read an endotoxin result in eu/mg.
analyticalsterility testing and usp <71>
what sterility testing measures, how the usp <71> compendial method works, and why sterility is a different question from endotoxin on a peptide coa.
analyticalwhat "99% purity" actually means on a coa
what a 99% purity figure on a peptide coa really measures, why it is not the same as how much peptide is in the vial, and what to check alongside it.
diligenceChoosing a Research Peptide Vendor: A Diligence Checklist
the research peptide market has expanded substantially over the past decade.
handling & methodology
storing, reconstituting, and keeping lyophilized material intact in the lab.
handlingpillarstoring and handling lyophilized research peptides
a laboratory reference for storing lyophilized research peptides: the three factors that drive degradation, and how lyophilized and reconstituted material differ.
handlingpeptide stability: the four degradation pathways
the main chemical and physical pathways by which research peptides degrade, what drives each one, and how storage choices slow them down.
handlingreconstitution solvent chemistry: a laboratory reference
the solvent chemistry behind dissolving a lyophilized research peptide: how solubility guides solvent choice and why the resulting solution is less stable.
science primers & glossary
the underlying chemistry, in plain language, with a reference glossary.
sciencepillarwhat is a peptide? a researcher's primer
what a peptide is, how it differs from a protein, how peptides are made and named, and why they are studied so widely in the research literature.
sciencesolid-phase peptide synthesis (spps), explained
how solid-phase peptide synthesis builds a peptide one amino acid at a time on a resin, the fmoc and boc approaches, and why synthesis errors show up on a coa.
referencepeptide & analytical chemistry glossary (40 terms)
plain-language definitions of 40 peptide and analytical chemistry terms, from amino acid and peptide bond to hplc purity, endotoxin, and net peptide content.